R.sirgalina: Created page with " = Advanced Linux: Understanding and programming = * '''Course name''': Advanced Linux: Understanding and programming * '''Code discipline''': xxxxx * '''Subject area''': ==..."

2022-11-25T12:17:34Z

Created page with " = Advanced Linux: Understanding and programming = * '''Course name''': Advanced Linux: Understanding and programming * '''Code discipline''': xxxxx * '''Subject area''': ==..."

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= Advanced Linux: Understanding and programming =
* '''Course name''': Advanced Linux: Understanding and programming
* '''Code discipline''': xxxxx
* '''Subject area''':

== Short Description ==
This course covers the following concepts: • The fundamental principles for `booting`; • Linux Kernel: understanding, programming, debugging, contributing; • Device drivers; • Power management; • Graphical stack overview; • Userspace: understating and interaction with Kernel.

== Prerequisites ==

=== Prerequisite subjects ===

=== Prerequisite topics ===

== Course Topics ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Course Sections and Topics
|-
! Section !! Topics within the section
|-
| X86/Arm assembler introduction ||
# • Basic assembler: registers, operations
# • x86 ABI reference
# • Context switching
# • CPU security rings
|-
| Linux Kernel introduction ||
# • Kernel usage
# • Supported HW
# • Building the kernel
|-
| Booting the Kernel ||
# • Boot Sequence
# • Device Tree
# • U-boot
# • initrd/initramfs
|-
| Kernel Modules ||
# • Linux device and driver model
# • Virtual Filesystems
|-
| Memory management ||
# • Physical Memory
# • Virtual Memory
# • Memory Allocation
|-
| Threads, processes and scheduling ||
# • Thread
# • Processes
# • Timers
|-
| Concurrent access to resources ||
# • Mutexes
# • Spin locks
# • RW-locks
|-
| Kernel debugging ||
# • Debugging techniques
# • DebugFS
# • Other methods overview (J-Tag etc).
|}
== Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs) ==

=== What is the main purpose of this course? ===
The main purpose of this course is to give the students advanced knowledge of how Linux operation system boots, works and what parts it is consists of.

=== ILOs defined at three levels ===

==== Level 1: What concepts should a student know/remember/explain? ====
By the end of the course, the students should be able to ...
* • Principles of Operating Systems.
* • Principles of bootloaders (first- /second- stage).
* • Linux booting principles.

==== Level 2: What basic practical skills should a student be able to perform? ====
By the end of the course, the students should be able to ...
* • Memory management in Kernel and userspace.
* • Linux kernel subsustems.
* • Concurrent access to resources.
* • HW devices interaction in Linux.
* • Interrupt and multithreading execution.
* • Real- and virtual- filesystems interaction.

==== Level 3: What complex comprehensive skills should a student be able to apply in real-life scenarios? ====
By the end of the course, the students should be able to ...
* • Kernel drivers design skills.
* • Linux Kernel contribution and advanced GIT knowledge.
* • C language low-level Kernel programming.
* • C/C++ language system programming.
* • POSIX API usage.
* • Kernel and userspace debugging (including KGDB/GDB).
* • x86/ARM assembly programming.
== Grading ==

=== Course grading range ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Grade !! Range !! Description of performance
|-
| A. Excellent || 90-100 || -
|-
| B. Good || 75-89 || -
|-
| C. Satisfactory || 60-74 || -
|-
| D. Poor || 0-59 || -
|}

=== Course activities and grading breakdown ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Activity Type !! Percentage of the overall course grade
|-
| Labs/seminar classes || 40
|-
| Interim performance assessment || 10
|-
| Exams || 50
|}

=== Recommendations for students on how to succeed in the course ===

== Resources, literature and reference materials ==

=== Open access resources ===
* • Writing Kernel Module: i2c -
* • Fundamental Linux Kernel programming by Krishenko V.A., Rayzanova N.U. - /
* • Linux Operating System by Kuryachiy G.V., Malinskiy K.A. -
* • Systemd after 10 years, historical and techical review, -
* • Evolution of Linux Kernel by Novikov E.M., -
* • Online resources shared by instructor

=== Closed access resources ===

=== Software and tools used within the course ===

= Teaching Methodology: Methods, techniques, & activities =

== Activities and Teaching Methods ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Activities within each section
|-
! Learning Activities !! Section 1 !! Section 2 !! Section 3 !! Section 4 !! Section 5 !! Section 6 !! Section 7 !! Section 8
|-
| Development of individual parts of software product code || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
| Homework and group projects || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 1
|-
| Midterm evaluation || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Testing (written or computer based) || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
| Discussions || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
|}
== Formative Assessment and Course Activities ==

=== Ongoing performance assessment ===

==== Section 1 ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Activity Type !! Content !! Is Graded?
|-
| Question || 1. ARM architecture is faster than x86, itn’s it? || 1
|-
| Question || 2. Why does antivirus software works in RING0? || 1
|-
| Question || 3. What is the main purpose of having interrupts? || 1
|-
| Question || 4. How-to debug anything inside interrupt context? || 1
|-
| Question || 1. Show the difference in x86 and ARM CPU registers. || 0
|-
| Question || 2. Create `basic` atomic operations for ARM in x86 (and vice versa). || 0
|-
| Question || 3. Implement simple context switching without threads. || 0
|}
==== Section 2 ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Activity Type !! Content !! Is Graded?
|-
| Question || 1. Monolithic kernel vs Micro-kernel. What is faster and why? || 1
|-
| Question || 2. How Linux works on HW without IOMMU? || 1
|-
| Question || 3. Tools required for building Linux Kernel. || 1
|-
| Question || 4. Name few operations systems bases on Linux and name the difference. || 1
|-
| Question || 1. Contributing to Open Source software and Kernel. What is the difference? || 0
|-
| Question || 2. Git usage: commits, email-patches. || 0
|-
| Question || 3. Git usage: rewriting history. || 0
|-
| Question || 4. Building Linux Kernel for your own PC. || 0
|-
| Question || 5. Running new Kernel on your machine. || 0
|-
| Question || 6. Kernel config file location and editing. || 0
|}
==== Section 3 ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Activity Type !! Content !! Is Graded?
|-
| Question || 1. What is the difference between BIOS and UEFI? What we prefer in nowadays? || 1
|-
| Question || 2. What is the usage for secure boot? What requirements should be met for this? || 1
|-
| Question || 3. Why in x86 we do not have device tree? And why is it required for ARM platforms? || 1
|-
| Question || 4. What is the purpose of having initramfs? Can we skip that stage? || 1
|-
| Question || 1. Build U-boot || 0
|-
| Question || 2. Rebuilding initramfs || 0
|-
| Question || 3. Changing boot order of your PC. Creating simple systemd service. || 0
|}
==== Section 4 ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Activity Type !! Content !! Is Graded?
|-
| Question || 1. How kernel module can be compiled and used inside or outside Linux Kernel Image? || 1
|-
| Question || 2. What is the purpose of System.map file for correct Linux Kernel functionality? || 1
|-
| Question || 3. What is the real requirement to have virtual filesystems in Linux Kernel? || 1
|-
| Question || 4. Name few real and virtual filesystems. Briefly describe usage in real life. || 1
|-
| Question || 1. Develop and deploy simple Kernel Module outside kernel image. Dynamic Loading. || 0
|-
| Question || 2. Develop and deploy simple Kernel Module inside kernel image. || 0
|-
| Question || 3. SysFS/ DebugFS / ProcFS/ TmpFS usage || 0
|}
==== Section 5 ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Activity Type !! Content !! Is Graded?
|-
| Question || 1. Why do we need virtual memory? || 1
|-
| Question || 2. Why does Linux Kernel maps itself to every process address space? || 1
|-
| Question || 3. How does page fault handler work? || 1
|-
| Question || 4. What is segmentation fault and how it handles in Linux Kernel? || 1
|-
| Question || 1. Create simple allocator (myalloc/myfree). || 0
|-
| Question || 2. Create benchmark for simple allocator. || 0
|}
==== Section 6 ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Activity Type !! Content !! Is Graded?
|-
| Question || 1. What is the difference between thread and process? || 1
|-
| Question || 2. Can process exist without any threads? || 1
|-
| Question || 3. What scheduling methods does Linux Kernel has? || 1
|-
| Question || 4. What make `realtime` OS really realtime? || 1
|-
| Question || 5. What is the difference between cooperative and preemptive multitasking? || 1
|-
| Question || 1. Implement your own threads inside app. || 0
|-
| Question || 2. Implement simple scheduler for your threading app. || 0
|-
| Question || 3. Implement timer for your app without using `real` timers. || 0
|}
==== Section 7 ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Activity Type !! Content !! Is Graded?
|-
| Question || 1. Why do we need locking structures? || 1
|-
| Question || 2. Where is mutex preferred on spinlock? || 1
|-
| Question || 3. Where is spinlock preferred on mutex? || 1
|-
| Question || 4. Can we just write locking-free code? || 1
|-
| Question || 5. What is deadlock and how it could be handled? || 1
|-
| Question || 1. Implement simple locking structures. || 0
|-
| Question || 2. Implement Wait-die lock. || 0
|}
==== Section 8 ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Activity Type !! Content !! Is Graded?
|-
| Question || 1. Name and briefly describe kernel-debugging techniques. || 1
|-
| Question || 2. What debug levels for printk do you know and what is their usage? || 1
|-
| Question || 3. What other methods of Kernel debugging techniques do you know? || 1
|-
| Question || 4. Why can’t we use regular GDB to debug Linux Kernel? || 1
|-
| Question || 1. Usage of DebugFS for basic debugging || 0
|-
| Question || 2. Usage of printk and debug levels. || 0
|-
| Question || 3. KGDB usage for Kernel debugging. || 0
|}
=== Final assessment ===
'''Section 1'''
# 1. Describe basic CPU registers and their purpose.
# 2. Describe x86 ABI.
# 3. What is context switching and how does it work?
# 4. Name all CPU security rings and describe security levels.
# 5. Interrupts. Interrupt handler.
'''Section 2'''
# 1. Briefly describe modern OS architecture. (for ex. Linux)
# 2. Describe supported HW by Linux Kernel.
# 3. Describe contribution process to Linux Kernel.
'''Section 3'''
# 1. Name popular bootloaders and briefly describe the difference.
# 2. Describe all boot sequence starting from pushing START button.
# 3. Describe in details the role of initrd/initramfs in booting process.
# 4. First userspace process. Describe how it works and why do we need SystemV/system?
'''Section 4'''
# 1. Describe Linux device and driver model
# 2. Real- and Virtual- filesystems. Describe in details.
# 3. Name other Linux Kernel subsystems and their usage.
'''Section 5'''
# 1. Describe how virtual memory maps on physical memory.
# 2. Describe in details how TLB works. How TLB increases memory operations?
# 3. Describe structure of page table, its location and management from OS.
# 4. Describe memory allocation techniques. Describe one of them in details.
'''Section 6'''
# 1. Describe how threading works.
# 2. Describe pthread API usage.
# 3. Describe difference between monotomic and realtime clocks.
# 4. Describe scheduling strategies. Make a suggestion, which one is preferred for different situations.
# 5. Describe difference in memory management between threads and processes.
'''Section 7'''
# 1. Describe mutex internals.
# 2. Describe spin lock internals.
# 3. Describe deadlock problem and how it could be handled.
# 4. Compare different locking methods and make conclusion of which is faster and why.
# 5. Deeply describe wait-die locks.
'''Section 8'''
# 1. Explain usage of debugFS in modern kernels.
# 2. Describe main kernel debugging techniques.

=== The retake exam ===
'''Section 1'''

'''Section 2'''

'''Section 3'''

'''Section 4'''

'''Section 5'''

'''Section 6'''

'''Section 7'''

'''Section 8'''

BSTE: Advanced Linux - Revision history

R.sirgalina: Created page with " = Advanced Linux: Understanding and programming = * '''Course name''': Advanced Linux: Understanding and programming * '''Code discipline''': xxxxx * '''Subject area''': ==..."