MSc: Cybercrime Forensics

Cybercrime and Forensics

• Course name: Cybercrime and Forensics
• Course number:
• Subject area:

Short Description

Modern tactics and techniques of high-tech crimes, including counter -forensics methods, are evolving rapidly according to the past several years. Therefore, the purpose of this course is to provide for students the necessary knowledge and abilities to obtain and analyze digital evidence in a way to provide investigations that will comply with the current law and regulations. Another purpose for the course is to learn for students how to counteract with ongoing computer incidents, intrusions and to perform threat hunting in the computer systems

Course Topics

Course Sections and Topics

Section	Topics within the section
Booting, Operating Systems, and Computer Architecture	Booting principles and disks Essentials of operating systems Fundamentals of computer architecture
DNS, DNSSEC, and DoH	DNS DNSSEC DoH
Email	Email architecture Spam management
Directory, Web, Protocol, ABNF and Deflating	Directory services Web Protocols ABNF Deflating

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

What is the main purpose of this course?

CIA course serves as kick-start for the security and network engineering Masters program. Before diving into the depth of the topics, the students must know preliminary concepts related to computer networks services and applications therein. This course is designed to cover the basic services offered by the Internet including operating systems and computer architecture. The concepts from this course will be used throughout the course of whole masters. More precisely, this course will cover the basic computer architecture and assembly language programming, Domain Name Services (DNS), DNSSec, email, web, directories, and disks. This course will also cover protocols and ABNF. The theory part will strengthen the theoretical aspects of the concepts whereas the lab exercises will provide the students with the opportunity to have hands-on experience of the ideas they learnt in the lectures.

ILOs defined at three levels

Level 1: What concepts should a student know/remember/explain?

By the end of the course, the students should be able to ...

• Identify different Internet applications and understand their working principles from the protocols point of view
• Demonstrate the acquired knowledge and skills in classical internet applications including DNS, Email, and Directory services.
• Able to write regular expressions and context-free grammar that are essential in Internet applications and information exchange through the networks
• Able to partition disks and remember the booting principles as well as secure booting

Level 2: What basic practical skills should a student be able to perform?

By the end of the course, the students should be able to ...

• Demonstrate knowledge and skills to use web services
• Demonstrate the essential knowledge of disks and calculate particular locations/addresses in disks
• Reason about problems in the current DNS and the need to upgrade to DNSSEC and DNS over HTTPS
• Demonstrate the knowledge of email and other services configuration

Level 3: What complex comprehensive skills should a student be able to apply in real-life scenarios?

By the end of the course, the students should be able to ...

• Install, Configure, update, and manage DNS services over a network
• Configure, maintain, and update the secure DNS over a network
• Update, add, and delete records in DNS
• Configure a secure mail server and maintain it
• Get hands-on experience of the afore-mentioned technologies on their own servers.

Grading

Course grading range

Grade	Range	Description of performance
A. Excellent	90-100	-
B. Good	75-89	-
C. Satisfactory	60-74	-
D. Poor	0-59	-

Course activities and grading breakdown

Activity Type	Percentage of the overall course grade
Labs/seminar classes	20
Lab tasks assessment	40
Exams	40

Resources, literature and reference materials

Open access resources

• Lecture slides
• RFCs
• Link to the online material will be provided (if any)

Cybercrime and Forensics

• Course name: Cybercrime and Forensics
• Course number: SNE-???

Key concepts of the class

• Law, regulations and modern tendencies of the high-tech crimes
• Computer forensics approaches and techniques
• Incident response and threat hunting methods

What is the purpose of this course?

Modern tactics and techniques of high-tech crimes, including counter -forensics methods, are evolving rapidly according to the past several years. Therefore, the purpose of this course is to provide for students the necessary knowledge and abilities to obtain and analyze digital evidence in a way to provide investigations that will comply with the current law and regulations. Another purpose for the course is to learn for students how to counteract with ongoing computer incidents, intrusions and to perform threat hunting in the computer systems

Prerequisites

The course has been designed to be self-included as much as possible. The successful completion will depend on prerequisite courses such as:

• CSE520 — Security of systems and networks
• Essential skills
• Classical Internet Applications

Course Objectives Based on Bloom’s Taxonomy

What should a student remember at the end of the course?

By the end of the course, the students should be able to identify and define

• Methods for investigating and responding to cybersecurity incidents
• Main types of computer attacks and the technical and non-technical techniques used by attackers;
• Compliance requirements to produce valid computer-technical expertise for further legal procedures;
• Aquisition techniques depending on the affected digital media and environment conditions
• Computer systems’ artifacts that were affected during the incident
• Specific hardware and software forensic tools depending on the type of incident;
• Decryption and decoding methods for protected and hidden data, methods of counter-forensics technology.

What should a student be able to understand at the end of the course?

By the end of the course, the students should be able to describe and explain

• Difference between different types of computer incidents
• The difference in compliance requirements for specific cybercrime cases
• Computer attacker model and kill chain tactics
• Filesystems analysis methods
• Volatile memory analysis methods
• Network analysis methods
• Malware analysis methods

What should a student be able to apply at the end of the course?

By the end of the course, the students should be able to demonstrate

• Organizing an incident response to a cybersecurity incident and minimize potential damage
• Determination of the type and causes of the incident
• Determination of the computer systems’ artifacts that are required for the acquisition
• Collection of digital evidence and proper documentation of it
• Recovered deleted and hidden information
• Restored an incident chronology during the investigation, determination of the methods used by the attacker and the impact on the attacked system
• Conduction of investigation on various types of computer attacks
• Conduction malware analysis
• Correct and efficient usage of open source forensics software and hardware

Course evaluation

Course grade breakdown

Type	Default points	Proposed points
Labs/seminar classes	20	20
Project	30	60
Exam	50	20

If necessary, please indicate freely your course’s features in terms of students’ performance assessment: None

Grades range

Course grading range

Grade	Default range	Proposed range
A. Excellent	90-100	90-100
B. Good	75-89	70-89
C. Satisfactory	60-74	60-69
D. Poor	0-59	0-59

If necessary, please indicate freely your course’s grading features:

The laboratory assignments are mandatory with a required minimum result of 6/10 for each - including re-takes and late submissions - to complete the course. The semester starts with the default range as proposed in the Table above, but it may changes slightly depending on how the semester progresses.

Resources and reference material

• “Practical forensic imaging. Securing digital evidence with Linux tools”. Bruce Nikkel
• “Incident response and computer forensics”. K.Mandia, C.Prosise, and M.Pepe
• “Digital Evidence and Computer Crime”. Eoghan Casey

Course Sections

Course Sections

Section	Section Title	Teaching Hours
1	Modern high-tech crimes and the law	4
2	Data acquisition and securing digital evidence	4
3	Computer systems’ artifacts and their analysis methods	6
4	Volatile data analysis methods	6
5	Incident response and threat hunting	4
6	Labs	56

Section 1

Section title: Modern high-tech crimes and the law

Topics covered in this section:

• Law, regulations and modern tendencies of the high-tech crimes
• Computer forensics approaches and techniques
• Incident response and threat hunting methods

What forms of the evaluation were used to test students’ performance in this section?

Form	Yes/No
Development of individual parts of software product code	0
Homework and group projects	1
Midterm evaluation	0
Testing (written or computer based)	1
Reports	1
Essays	0
Oral polls	0
Discussions	1

Typical questions for ongoing performance evaluation within this section

• What are the typical attacks which can be used against the banking system?
• What is the attacker model?
• What is the computer incident?
• What types of incidents can lead to criminal code articles for an attacker?

Typical questions for seminar classes (labs) within this section

• Identify risks and develop mitigation techniques before acquiring evidence for a given case
• Develop an attacker model for a specific incident
• Identify the most important compliance requirements for preservation evidence in the court case?

Test questions for final assessment in this section

• As above

Section 2

Section title: Data acquisition and securing digital evidence

Topics covered in this section:

• Compliance requirements for the evidence acquisition
• Non-volatile data evidence collection
• Volatile data evidence collection
• Securing digital evidence with open source tools

What forms of the evaluation were used to test students’ performance in this section?

Form	Yes/No
Development of individual parts of software product code	0
Homework and group projects	1
Midterm evaluation	0
Testing (written or computer based)	1
Reports	1
Essays	0
Oral polls	0
Discussions	1

Typical questions for ongoing performance evaluation within this section

• What are the pros and cons of using software or hardware tools for acquisition?
• What are the important steps to perform data evidence acquisition on the live system?
• What is the difference between non-volatile and volatile data from the perspective of computer forensics?
• What are the legal aspects of preparing before conducting computer forensic analysis based on the positions and responsibilities of forensic investigators?
• What kind of computer systems’ components would be less important during a live acquisition?

Typical questions for seminar classes (labs) within this section

• Depending on the incident define software and hardware that can be used to collect and preserve digital evidence
• Collect the evidence on a virtual environment
• Collect the evidence from the live system
• Collect the evidence of the volatile data
• Provide integrity, confidentiality, and non-repudiation for acquired evidence

Test questions for final assessment in this section

As above

Section 3

Section title:

Topics covered in this section: Computer systems’ artifacts and their analysis methods

• Anti-forensics methods and recovery information
• Windows forensics
• Filesystem forensics

What forms of the evaluation were used to test students’ performance in this section?

Form	Yes/No
Development of individual parts of software product code	0
Homework and group projects	1
Midterm evaluation	0
Testing (written or computer based)	1
Reports	1
Essays	0
Oral polls	0
Discussions	1

Typical questions for ongoing performance evaluation within this section

• What kind of methods do you know for an attacker to hide and delete information?
• What are the important artifacts that can be used for the analysis of the Windows systems?
• What is the difference between DEFT and CAIN software forensics distributions?
• What is MAC time?
• What is the conceptual difference between FAT and NTFS?

Typical questions for seminar classes (labs) within this section

• Analyze the incident that involves the USB stick of the attacker
• Create a timeline based on the timestamps of the artifacts
• Find and recover hidden information on the hard drive
• Extract and analyze filesystem journals
• Find encrypted information
• Identify the slack spaces that contain deleted data

Test questions for final assessment in this section

As above

Section 4

Section title: Volatile data analysis methods

Topics covered in this section:

• Operating memory forensics
• Network forensics

What forms of the evaluation were used to test students’ performance in this section?

Form	Yes/No
Development of individual parts of software product code	0
Homework and group projects	1
Midterm evaluation	0
Testing (written or computer based)	1
Reports	1
Essays	0
Oral polls	0
Discussions	1

Typical questions for ongoing performance evaluation within this section

• What is fileless malware?
• How can rootkits affect the evidence?
• What kind of operating memory artifacts can be useful for cybercrime investigation?
• What is difficult about dumping a memory?
• What is difficult about dumping network traffic?

Typical questions for seminar classes (labs) within this section

• Identify direct kernel object manipulation in the given sample
• Find unlinking from the active process list
• Trace and detect used cryptographical keys on the incident
• Determine the original source of an attacker’s compromise on the given network traffic
• Establish and present a timeline of the attacker’s activities for a specific case

Test questions for final assessment in this section

As above

Section 5

Section title: Incident response and threat hunting

Topics covered in this section:

• Introduction to incident response
• Sandboxing
• Malware analysis
• SOC analysis tasks
• Monitoring, logging and auditing of security events

What forms of the evaluation were used to test students’ performance in this section?

Form	Yes/No
Development of individual parts of software product code	0
Homework and group projects	1
Midterm evaluation	0
Testing (written or computer based)	1
Reports	1
Essays	0
Oral polls	0
Discussions	1

Typical questions for ongoing performance evaluation within this section

• What limitations might you have during the incident response?
• What type of incident responses can be provided during the incident
• What is the difference between incident response and computer forensics in general
• What is sandboxing and how it could be used in the incident response?
• What type of threats can occur for investigators during investigation?

Typical questions for seminar classes (labs) within this section

• Identify the methods that can detect anomaly behavior for a typical Windows system processes
• Identify persistence mechanisms that are used by the given malicious process
• Identify illegitimate network activity on the given network traffic
• Develop an effective sandboxing environment for malware detection and examination of its behavior
• Develop indicators of compromise to detect threats on multiple systems

Test questions for final assessment in this section

As above