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Analytical Geometry \& Linear Algebra -- I

• Course name: Analytical Geometry \& Linear Algebra -- I
• Course number: XYZ

Course Characteristics

Key concepts of the class

• fundamental principles of vector algebra,
• concepts of basic geometry objects and their transformations in the plane and in the space

What is the purpose of this course?

This is an introductory course in analytical geometry and linear algebra. After having studied the course, students get to know fundamental principles of vector algebra and its applications in solving various geometry problems, different types of equations of lines and planes, conics and quadric surfaces, transformations in the plane and in the space. An introduction on matrices and determinants as a fundamental knowledge of linear algebra is also provided.

Course objectives based on Bloom’s taxonomy

- What should a student remember at the end of the course?

By the end of the course, the students should be able to

• List basic notions of vector algebra,
• recite the base form of the equations of transformations in planes and spaces,
• recall equations of lines and planes,
• identify the type of conic section,
• recognize the kind of quadric surfaces.

- What should a student be able to understand at the end of the course?

By the end of the course, the students should be able to

• explain the geometrical interpretation of the basic operations of vector algebra,
• restate equations of lines and planes in different forms,
• interpret the geometrical meaning of the conic sections in the mathematical expression,
• give the examples of the surfaces of revolution,
• understand the value of geometry in various fields of science and techniques.

- What should a student be able to apply at the end of the course?

By the end of the course, the students should be able to

• Perform the basic operations of vector algebra,
• use different types of equations of lines and planes to solve the plane and space problems,
• represent the conic section in canonical form,
• compose the equation of quadric surface.

Course evaluation

Course grade breakdown

Type	Points
Labs/seminar classes	10
Interim performance assessment	20
Exams	70

Grades range

Course grading range

Grade	Points
A	[80, 100]
B	[60, 79]
C	[40, 59]
D	[0, 39]

Resources and reference material

• \bibentry{Sharipov:2013}

Course Sections

The main sections of the course and approximate hour distribution between them is as follows:

Section 1

Section title

Vector algebra

Topics covered in this section

• Vector spaces
• Basic operations on vectors (summation, multiplication by scalar, dot product)
• Linear dependency and in-dependency of the vectors
• Basis in vector spaces

What forms of evaluation were used to test students’ performance in this section?

Form	Yes/No
Development of individual parts of software product code	0
Homework and group projects	1
Midterm evaluation	1
Testing (written or computer based)	1
Reports	0
Essays	0
Oral polls	1
Discussions	1

Typical questions for ongoing performance evaluation within this section

1. How to perform the shift of the vector?
2. What is the geometrical interpretation of the dot product?
3. How to determine whether the vectors are linearly dependent?
4. What is a vector basis?

Typical questions for seminar classes (labs) within this section

1. Evaluate Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle |\textbf{a}|^2-2\sqrt3\textbf{a}\cdot\textbf{b}-7|\textbf{b}|^2} given that Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle |\textbf{a}|=4} , Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle |\textbf{b}|=1} , Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \angle(\textbf{a},\,\textbf{b})=150^{\circ}} .
2. Prove that vectors Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \textbf{b}(\textbf{a}\cdot\textbf{c})-\textbf{c}(\textbf{a}\cdot\textbf{b})} and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \textbf{a}} are perpendicular to each other.
3. Bases Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle AD} and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle BC} of trapezoid Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle ABCD} are in the ratio of Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 4:1} . The diagonals of the trapezoid intersect at point Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle M} and the extensions of sides Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle AB} and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle CD} intersect at point Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle P} . Let us consider the basis with Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A} as the origin, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \overrightarrow{AD}} and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \overrightarrow{AB}} as basis vectors. Find the coordinates of points Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle M} and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle P} in this basis.
4. A line segment joining a vertex of a tetrahedron with the centroid of the opposite face (the centroid of a triangle is an intersection point of all its medians) is called a median of this tetrahedron. Using vector algebra prove that all the four medians of any tetrahedron concur in a point that divides these medians in the ratio of Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 3:1} , the longer segments being on the side of the vertex of the tetrahedron.

Test questions for final assessment in this section

1. Vector spaces. General concepts.
2. Dot product as an operation on vectors.
3. Basis in vector spaces. Its properties.

Section 2

Section title

Introduction to matrices and determinants

Topics covered in this section

• Relationship between Linear Algebra and Analytical Geometry
• Matrices 2x2, 3x3
• Determinants 2x2, 3x3
• Operations om matrices and determinants
• The rank of a matrix
• Inverse matrix
• Systems of linear equations
• Changing basis and coordinates

What forms of evaluation were used to test students’ performance in this section?

Form	Yes/No
Development of individual parts of software product code	1
Homework and group projects	1
Midterm evaluation	1
Testing (written or computer based)	1
Reports	0
Essays	0
Oral polls	1
Discussions	1

Typical questions for ongoing performance evaluation within this section

1. What is the difference between matrices and determinants?
2. Matrices Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A} and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle C} have dimensions of Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle m\times n} and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle p\times q} respectively, and it is known that the product Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle ABC} exists. What are possible dimensions of Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle B} and $ABC$?
3. How to determine the rank of a matrix?
4. What is the meaning of the inverse matrix?
5. How to restate a system of linear equations in the matrix form?

Typical questions for seminar classes (labs) within this section

1. Find $A+B$ and $2A-3B+I$.
2. Find the products $AB$ and $BA$ (and so make sure that, in general, $AB\neq BA$ for matrices).
3. Find the inverse matrices for the given ones.
4. Find the determinants of the given matrices.
5. Point $M$ is the centroid of face $BCD$ of tetrahedron $ABCD$. The old coordinate system is given by $A$, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \overrightarrow{AB}} , Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \overrightarrow{AC}} , Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \overrightarrow{AD}} , and the new coordinate system is given by Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle M} , Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \overrightarrow{MB}} , Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \overrightarrow{MC}} , Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \overrightarrow{MA}} . Find the coordinates of a point in the old coordinate system given its coordinates Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle x'} , Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle y'} , Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle z'} in the new one.

Test questions for final assessment in this section

1. Operations om matrices and determinants.
2. Inverse matrix.
3. Systems of linear equations and their solution in matrix form.
4. Changing basis and coordinates.